Advances in virtual reality technology have had an increasing impact on tourism, changing the way tourists experience a destination or attraction, allowing them to have a more interactive and diverse experience. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of virtual reality experiences on tourists' experiential advocacy with the mediating role of experiential relationship quality in visiting Axon virtual reality park in Mashhad. This research is descriptive and of the correlational type with emphasis on structural equation modeling. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, data were collected using a standard questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha method,The 384 tourists who visited Axon Virtual Reality Park were collected by convenience sampling method. The results of testing hypotheses using SPSS and SmartPLS software indicate that among virtual reality experiences, immersion, interaction and illusion positively influence experiential satisfaction and experiential satisfaction directly and indirectly through experiential loyalty has a positive effect on experiential advocacy. Finally, experiential trust, not directly, but through experiential loyalty, creates experiential advocacy. The results of this study will also assist park and destination management in developing and implementing market-oriented service strategies to increase the dimensions of virtual reality experiences and the dimensions of experiential relationship quality and create experiential advocacy.

“Advocacy Planning” as a term was coined by Paul Davidoff in his mid-1960s article in he AIP journal. Being introduced in 1960s, the approach enjoyed vast popularity in 1970s, and its refined version was put into effect in USA and UK then after. The core of Davidoff idea is that different social groups shall be able to suggest alternative development plans for regions, cities, and neighborhoods. These plans may compete with each other so that the best one would be selected. Davidoff argues: if, as it has often being claimed, planning is a rational technocratic process, then all of alternative plans should be the same. But this is not the case. In practice, plans are meaningfully different because planning is primarily a political procedure, reflecting preferences of various social groups.By acknowledging pluralism in planning, Davidoff believes that planners should act as advocates of urban or rural communities, vocational or ethnic groups, cities, regions etc. He or she should accept values, interests and preferences of the client social group.Advocacy planning has been criticized seriously. The main criticism is about the contradictory role of a planner: what is his or her main task? Taking care of the community interests, broader group's interests or professional rules or norms which somehow reflect interests of more people.Furthermore, advocacy planners have been accused of diverting communities from more radical forms of social change. Some other criticizes advocacy planners as they rarely are the real representatives of their client communities.

Background and Purpose: One of the most important elements of nursing ethics is patient advocacy, which instills patients’ sense of independence and autonomy. Nurses’ perceptions of this concept can significantly influence their advocacy role. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to assess nurses’ perceptions about this phenomenon.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 385 nurses were selected via quota sampling from three hospitals, affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2012. Data were collected, using a self-administered questionnaire for assessing nurses’ perceptions of patient advocacy (with a score range of -1 to 1). The obtained data were analyzed, using descriptive and inferential statistical tests.Results: As the results indicated, nurses’ perceptions about patient advocacy were relatively positive (0.73%). Moreover, there was a statistically significant relationship between patient advocacy and nurses’ educational level (P=0.01), working in different hospital wards (P<0.001), participation in workshops on patient rights (P<0.001) and working in different hospitals (P=0.01).Conclusion: In this study, nurses were highly responsible regarding patient advocacy, despite the fact that patient advocacy is not considered as a professional nursing role in Iran. However, further studies are required to confirm the obtained findings.